The 2024 presidential election is shaping up to be the single most divisive election in our history. The public is split right down the middle, with almost every group splintering between former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris.
There is, however, one group that seems to be approaching virtual unanimity: professors. A new survey of more than 1,000 professors shows that 78 percent will vote for Harris, and only 8 percent will vote for Trump.
Outside the Democratic National Committee, few groups are more reliably Democratic or left-wing. The poll offers further insight into the political homogeneity of higher education.
For anyone in higher education, the result is hardly surprising. The polls track what we already knew about the gradual purging of academic departments around the country of conservative, libertarian and dissenting professors.
Indeed, the lack of political and intellectual diversity may be turning some donors and even applicants away from higher education. With falling revenue and applications, universities are even starting to re-embrace commitments to neutrality on political issues.
Some, however, are doubling down on advocacy and orthodoxy.
In an op-ed this week, Wesleyan University President Michael Roth called on universities to reject “institutional neutrality” and officially support Kamala Harris. Calling neutrality “a retreat,” Roth compared Trump’s election to the rise of the Nazis and insisted that schools should “give up the popular pastime of criticizing the woke and call out instead the overt racism.”
He added, without a hint of self-awareness or irony, that “we should not be silenced because of fears of appearing partisan.”
In my book “The Indispensable Right: Free Speech in an Age of Rage,” I discuss the intolerance in higher education and surveys showing that many departments no longer have a single Republican, as faculties replicate their own views through new hires.
So not only are professors voting en masse for Harris, but Roth would even have the schools themselves work openly for her election.
That ideological echo chamber is hardly an enticement for many who face rising tuition costs and have relatively little hope of being taught by faculty with conservative or libertarian views.
There are obviously many reasons why faculty (including Republican professors) may reject Trump specifically, but this poll tracks more generally with past surveys on the self-identification and contributions of faculty.
A Georgetown study recently found that only 9 percent of law school professors identify as conservative at the top 50 law schools — almost identical to the percentage of Trump voters found in the new poll.
Notably, Wesleyan’s Roth acknowledged that the lack of intellectual diversity in higher education had become so extreme that there might be a need for “an affirmative action program for conservatives.”
However, by calling for even greater political advocacy, he and others continue to saw feverishly at the branch upon which we all sit in higher education.
There is little evidence that faculty members have any interest in changing this culture or creating greater diversity at schools. At North Carolina State University, a study found that Democrats outnumbered Republicans 20 to 1.
Recently, I had a debate at Harvard Law School with Professor Randall Kennedy on whether Harvard protects free speech and intellectual diversity.
This year, Harvard found itself in a familiar spot in the annual ranking of Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression — dead last among 251 universities and colleges. Harvard has long dismissed calls for greater free speech protections or intellectual diversity. It shows. The Harvard Crimson has documented how the school’s departments have virtually eliminated Republicans.
In one study of multiple departments last year, they found that more than 75 percent of the faculty self-identified as “liberal” or “very liberal.” Only 5 percent identified as “conservative,” and only 0.4 percent as “very conservative.”
Consider that, according to Gallup, the U.S. population is roughly equally divided among conservatives (36 percent), moderates (35 percent) and liberals (26 percent). So, Harvard has three times the share of liberals as the nation at large, and less than 3 percent identify as “conservative” like the largest number of Americans do.
Among law school faculty who have donated more than $200 to a political party, 91 percent of the Harvard faculty gave to Democrats.
The student body shows the same bias of selection. Harvard Crimson previously found that only 7 percent of incoming students identified as conservative. And for the vast majority of liberal faculty and students, Harvard hardens rather than challenges their viewpoints.
This does not happen randomly. Indeed, if a business reduced the number of women or minorities to less than 5 percent, a court would likely find de facto discrimination.
Yet, Kennedy rejected the notion that the elite school should strive to “look more like America.”
It is not just that schools like Harvard “do not look like America.” They don’t even look like liberal Massachusetts, which is almost 30 percent Republican.
Our students are being educated by faculty taken only from 26 percent of our nation, the most ideologically liberal people in America.
Some sites like Above the Law have openly supported the exclusion of conservative faculty. Senior Editor Joe Patrice defended “predominantly liberal faculties” by arguing that hiring a conservative law professor is akin to allowing a believer in geocentrism to teach at a university.
The result is that law students at schools like Harvard have relatively few faculty to reflect the views of half of the judiciary and the majority of the Supreme Court.
Likewise, having a faculty that ranges between left and far-left further marginalizes the small number of conservative and libertarian students.
The impact of this academic echo chamber is evident in surveys showing that 28 percent of Harvard students engage in self-censorship — a figure that has doubled since just 2021.
Given my respect Professor Kennedy, I was surprised how easily he dismissed the sharp rise in students who say they do not feel comfortable speaking in classes. Referring to them as “conservative snowflakes,” he insisted that they simply had to have the courage of their convictions. This ignores that they depend upon professors for grades and recommendations, and that their challenging of the faculty’s orthodoxy can threaten their standing.
Moreover, Kennedy defended cancel campaigns or “disinvitations” of speakers as a form of free speech. As students see faculty supporting the cancelling of conservative or libertarian or dissenting speakers, it is hardly an invitation for them to speak freely in class.
There was a hopeful aspect, to the debate. Before the debate, the large audience voted heavily in favor of Harvard’s position. After the debate, they overwhelming voted against Harvard’s position on free speech.
It is an example of how exposure to opposing views can change the bias or assumptions in higher education — something Harvard could learn from.
There is little likelihood that Harvard or higher education will change. It is like the old joke about how many psychiatrists it takes to change a light bulb. “Just one, but the bulb really has to want to change.”
Academics like Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of Berkeley’s law school, have denounced conservative justices as mere “partisan hacks.” Other professors have joined in attacks on Republicans as “fascists” and a threat to democracy.
The results of the Gallup polling reflect a systematic cleansing of conservative faculty in higher education. The question is whether donors or applicants will continue to support an echo chamber that has become ideologically deafening.
Jonathan Turley is the Shapiro Professor of Public Interest Law at George Washington University and the author of “The Indispensable Right: Free Speech in an Age of Rage.”
